Injectors z’amavuta ni utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto dukoreshwa mu gutanga amavuta biciye mu gutera amavuta ataco akora mu gitereko c’amavuta kiri imbere y’umurongo w’amavuta muri moteri ya dizeli. Injectors z’amavuta ya dizeli ziragoye cane; injector ifise akayunguruzo kanini ka micron ku ruhande rwo hejuru rw’inzira y’inzira ihuye n’utunogo dutoduto tw’ubunini bw’urukoba rwo hasi kugira ngo amavuta ya dizeli akore atomize. Ivyo bikoresho bikora nk’isoko y’amavuta ku bihimba vyo mu mutima vy’ico gikoresho. Inkomoko nyamukuru y’ukunanirwa kw’injectors ni amazi ari mu mavuta. Iyo amazi ari mu mavuta akuraho ubushobozi bwo gutera amavuta, ibihimba vyo mu mutima birashaza ningoga kandi injector yose uko ingana irashobora gusenyuka ningoga.
Injectors ni ikintu gihambaye cane muri moteri. Igipfukisho c’injector kirafunguka kigafunga ku rpm imwe n’iya moteri ya dizeli. Igitigiri c’amamoteri ya dizeli muri Amerika y’Uburaruko kigenda nk’ibilometero 1800. Ivyo bingana n’incuro nka 140.000 kw’isaha! Uretse amazi ari mu mavuta, ama injectors arashikirwa n’ibintu vy’umuyagankuba n’ivy’umwanda vyinjizwa muri iyo mazu biciye ku kintu kibi gisukura umuyaga. Ubwoko bw’amavuta, urugero n’ivyongeweko bikoreshwa na vyo nyene biragira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’igikoresho co gutera amavuta. ECM (Engine Control Module) ni yo igenzura ibikoresho bitera amavuta mu moteri nyinshi zikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba. Ivyo bikoresho bitera dizeli biguma bifise ububasha iyo urufunguzo rufunguwe ataco bimaze iyo moteri ihinduwe. ECM iratera injector hasi, igaheza igatuma umurongo w’injector ufunguka. ECM imaze kwakira amakuru ava ku bikoresho bitandukanye bigenzura, igena igihe injectors zikeneye gushirwa hasi kugira ngo zitere umubare nyawo w’amavuta bivanye n’inguvu z’amafarasi zisabwa na moteri.
Inzira y’ugufungura, gufunga no gutanga amavuta akwiriye y’ibikoresho vy’amavuta ya dizeli bibera mu milisegonda. Ivyo gutera injector biheza mu masegonda 1,5 gushika kuri 5. Injectors za diesel ziza mu buryo butandukanye n’ubunini butandukanye bivanye n’umuco wa moteri n’umuderi wayo hamwe n’inguvu zikenewe. Injectors z'imodoka ni nto cane kurusha ibikorwa bikomeye-dizeli kandi zipimwa mu inches cubes. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ibikoresho vy’ugutera amavuta ya dizeli: iya mbere yitwa throttle body injection aho ibikoresho 1-2 biri mu mubiri w’amavuta ubwavyo muri moteri ya dizeli bigatanga umubare w’amavuta y’umukungugu w’umukungugu mu gitereko c’amazi. Uwo murongo wo gutanga amavuta mu vy’ukuri ushiramwo umuriro mu gitereko c’amazi maze umuvuduko w’amazi ukwegera amavuta mu gitereko ca moteri. Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gutanga amavuta, buzwi kw’izina ry’ubwoko bw’icuma c’umuntu ku giti ciwe, ni bushasha kandi burakoresha amavuta menshi. Ubwoko bw’injection y’icuma burakora neza kurusha carburateur kuko ihuye n’uburemere bw’umuyaga n’uburebure kandi ntiyizigira ubusa bw’ibarabara.
Mu gihe c’ugutera injection y’umuriro, ubukene buza iyo amacylindre ari hafi cane y’injection afise umuvango mwiza kuruta ayo ari kure cane. Iyo umuntu akoresheje ubwoko bw’injection y’icuma, iyo nkoko irakurwaho mu gutera amavuta angana kuri buri cylindre iri muri moteri.
Ibice vy'urushinge
Buri injector y’amavuta iratandukanye gatoyi ariko yose ifise ibice 15 nyamukuru harimwo akayunguruzo, impeta y’uburongozi, umupfunda w’imbere, umupfunda w’intebe, icicaro, igice c’igiti, guhagarara, umugozi w’ivyuma, umubiri w’ivyuma, impeta y’imbere, umutwe, inzu y’isonga ry’impuzu, umuyobozi n’isonga ry’impuzu. Ivyo bikoresho vy’amavuta bigenzurwa na ECM mu guterura umupira ku ntebe yawo. Ivyo bituma amavuta y’ibinyabiziga aca mu mfuruka y’intebe hanyuma akasohoka aciye mu gipande c’umuyobozi gikomeye gifise imyobo myinshi. Igipande c’umuyobozi gikoreshwa mu kuyobora uburyo bwo gutera amavuta. Ubwo bwoko bw’injector bufise ubuhinga bwo gutera imiti y’imfuruka y’amadegre 10 gushika kuri 15. Ivyo gutera atome y’ubwo bwoko bw’injector bisa n’ivyo injector y’ubwoko bwa disc. Injectors z’ubwoko bwa disc n’umupira ku buryo ziteguwe kandi ntizishobora gufunga.
